Method of producing double-wall vessels of ceramic material and with rarefaction of the air within the wall spaces



Feb. 16, 1%32. J MQCZALA 2,07%,672

METHOD OF PRODUCING DOUBLE WALL VESSELS OF CERAMIC MATERIAL AND WITH RAREFACTION OF THE AIR WITHIN THE WALL SPACES Filed Feb. 8, 1955 Fly. 2

W YW Patented Feb. 16, i937 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE THE WALL SPACES Hans Josef Moczala, Berlin, Germany Application February 8, 1935, Serial No. 5,598

In Germany October 9, 1933 4 Claims.

My invention relates to a method of producing double-wall vessels of ceramic material, such as porcelain, clay or the like, and with. rarefaction of the air within the wall spaces.

It has already been proposed to produce double-wall vessels of this kind whereby in accord ance with the known manufacture of double-wall vessels or bottles of glass an opening is left free at the bottom of the vessel. After evacuation of the air this opening is hermetically sealed.

This procedure, however, is not satisfactory because of the reason that by the sealing of the evacuation opening the quality of the material is diminished and the density of that portion of the outer wall, in which the opening had been provided, was reduced.

According to the present invention the manufacture of double-wall vessels of ceramic material is effected without using a mechanical or artificial evacuation of the hollow wall spaces. The invention is based upon the facts that the unbaked double-wall shard or raw vessel is pervious to air even after the application of raw glazing mass, and that the rarefaction of the air enclosed in the hollow wall spaces due to the baking temperature leads to a degree of evacuation which is sufliciently high to be satisfactory for all practical purposes.

According to the new method of producing double-wall vessels, the shard is manufactured as a double-wall body the walls of which are closed on all sides, the shard then being baked in the usual manner after the application of raw glazing mass.

The manufacture of the shard may be carried out in any desired manner. At the time when the row glazing mass is applied the closed hollow wall space is filled with air. By increasing the temperature up to the baking temperature the pressure of the enclosed volume of air is increased so that part of the air is driven through the porous walls of the shard into the atmosphere until the raw glazing mass liquefies and closes the pores of the shard. The liquefying of the glazing mass takes place as known in the art at a temperature of about 1300-1400? C. At this temperature the weight of the air enclosed in the hollow wall is reduced to a fraction of its original weight, and the rarefaction of the air obtained by cooling the baked vessel wholly suilices, as proved by tests, to secure the desired heat insulation which nearly corresponds to that of hollow-wall vessels the wall space of which is completely evacuated. For manufacturing vessels the walls of which are not intersected it isadvisable to produce both walls separately from each other and to connect their edge portions after the inner wall has been put into the interior of the outer wall. Distance pieces are preferably provided between 5 the two walls which secure the desired space between the wallsv and support the inner wall. These pieces may be fixedin advance to the inner wall.

In the manufacture of vessels with intersected 1o walls it has been found practical, to manufacture firstly the inner wall and to bake it. The inner wall is then used as a. core for manufacturing the outer wall by casting. The two walls are connected with each other at-their edge porl5 tions; then the raw glazing mass is applied and the shard baked. Distance or spacer pieces may be used as already mentioned in connection with the manufacture of vessels the walls of whichare not intersected.

The object of the invention will be more easily understood from the following description of double-wall vessels illustrated in the accompanying drawing. In the drawing Fig. l is a longitudinal section of a doublewall vessel the walls of, which are not intersected,

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of wall vessel with intersected walls.

The vessel shown in Fig. 1 comprises an inner wall I and an outer wall 2. The two walls are separately manufactured and connected with each other at their edge portions as shown at 3. The inner wall is held spaced from the outer wall a doubleby distance pieces 4. The shard is coated with a raw glazing mass and then baked whereby a glazing layer 5 is produced which wholly covers the surface of the vessel so that the walls I and 2 become impervious to air. During the bakin D1'0ceSs,the highest temperature is about 1300- 1400 C.part of the. air which is enclosed in the hollow space 6 is driven through the pores of the walls I and 2 and through the raw glazingmass into the atmosphere. As soon as the said glazing mass liquefies, i. e. as soon as the glazing layer 5 is created, the hollow space 6 is her-- metically sealed thereby, so that by cooling the baked vessel a rarefaction of the air'within the space 6 is obtained.

It will be understood that this kind-of manufacture cannot be used if the walls of the vessel are intersected as shown in Fig. 2. In this case the procedure is as'follows:

The inner wall I is manufactured in advance preferably by casting and then baked. The in- 86 inside the other, connectwalls with each other P r n pply n a raw glazins the shard thus produced and heating to a suillciently high temperaturetodrivepartottheairwithinthewallspacescomprises manufacturing the inner wall, baking 10 the said inner wall, casting theouter wall around the said inner wall, connecting the walls with each other at their edge portions, applying a rawgla'singmasstothe smiaceottheshardthus producedandbakingtheshardthusproducedli at a sufliciently high temperature to drive part oftheairbetweenthewallsoutthroughthe' porous outer wall, followed by a sealing of said outer wall with said glowing material.

4. A method as defined by claim a m' which 20 theinnerwallisincompletelybakedandprovided with a tightening layer of combustible material.

HANS JOSE? MOCZALA. 

